Presente Simple – (Simple Present Tense)

Simple Present tense is used to describe habitual actions that occur with some frequency and makes no reference to whether it is happening in the present.
I play tennis. I play tennis.He works in an office.They travel to Madrid.Below are affirmative forms, interrogative and negative this tense:

Pasado Simple – (Simple Past Tense)

Simple Past tense is used to describe actions that have happened at an earlier time and have already completed, for example:

She cleaned her house.
I broke the window.

Here we see their conjugation in the Spanish equivalent to the Past Indefinite. Notice that the sentence structure is similar to the Simple Present:

Present Perfect (Present Perfect Tense)

The Present Perfect in English is a tense that is used to refer to actions that happen in the recent past and that have some connection with this. Its equivalent in the Spanish language is the Present Perfect:

*I have sent the letter.

In order to build the affirmative form of the Present Perfect as an auxiliary we use the verb TO HAVE in the Simple Present and accompanied by the main verb in its past participle (either regular or irregular verbs verbs):

*I have bought a new dress.

*You have Studied the lesson.

*She has lost the keys.

Remember the 3rd person singular should get the "S" in elauxiliar and it is the Present Simple.

However, to form a question we elauxiliar place at the beginning of the sentence, then the subject and then the main verb in past participle also:

*Have I bought a new dress?

*Have you Studied the lesson?

*Has he broken the window?

*Has she lost the keys?

For its part, the negative is formed by the denial NOTentre auxiliary and main verb, for example:

*I have not bought a new dress. 

*You have not Studied the lesson. 

*I have not broken the window. 

*He has not broken the.

*She has not lost the keys.

You can also use the contracted form of denial placing HAVE NOT or HAS NOT accordingly.

Present Progressive

The present progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action.

The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions that are arranged for the near future.

Present progressive is also known as present continuous.

Past Progressive 

The past progressive puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past.

Form

	Positive	Negative	Question
I / he / she / it	I was speaking.	I was not speaking.	Was I speaking?
you / we / they	You were speaking.	You were not speaking.	Were you speaking?

Exceptions in Spelling

Exceptions in spelling when adding ing	Example
final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed)	come – coming (but: agree – agreeing)
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled	sit – sitting
l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English)	travel – travelling
final ie becomes y	lie – lying

Use of Past Progressive

• puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
  Example: He was playing football.
• two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
  Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
• action going on at a certain time in the past
  Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Signal Words of Past Progressive

• when, while, as long as
  

Future I Simple going to

Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate future or an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared.

Form of going to Future

	positive	negative	question
I	I am going to speak.	I am not going to speak.	Am I going to speak?
you / we / they	You are going to speak.	You are not going to speak.	Are you going to speak?
he / she / it	He is going to speak.	He is not going to speak.	Is he going to speak?

Use of going to Future

• an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared
  example: I am going to study harder next year.
• a conclusion regarding the immediate future
  example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.

Signal Words

• in one year, next week, tomorrow

Future I Simple will.

Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with regard to the future or an action in the future that cannot be influenced.

Form of will Future

	positive	negative	question
no differences	I will speak.	I will not speak.	Will I speak?

Use of will Future

• a spontaneous decision
  example: Wait, I will help you.
• an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future
  example: He will probably come back tomorrow.
• a promise
  example: I will not watch TV tonight.
• an action in the future that cannot be influenced
  example: It will rain tomorrow.
• conditional clauses type I
  example: If I arrive late, I will call you.

Signal Words

• in a year, next …, tomorrow
• Vermutung: I think, probably, perhaps

Voice Passive

As in Spanish, the passive voice is formed with the verb 'to be' (be) and the past participle.

*They made this car in 1963. (Active) This car was made in 1963. (Passive)

  *The subject of a passive verb corresponds to the subject of an active verb.

*Spanish is spoken in Argentina PASSIVE

(Subject)

*Argentinians speak Spanish ACTIVE

(Object)

*Study the following list of passive verb forms.

(Pp = past participle)

Verb Tense Structure Example

PRESENT SIMPLE am / are / is + pp Spanish is spoken here.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS am / are / is being + pp Your questions are being answered.

FUTURE (WILL) will be + pp It'll be painted by next week.

FUTURE (GOING TO) am / are / is going to be + pp Terry is going to be made redundant next year.

SIMPLE PAST was / were + pp We were invited to the party, but we did not go.

PAST CONTINUOUS was / were being + pp The hotel room was being cleaned When we got back from shopping.

PERFECT PRESENT have / has been + pp The President of America has been shot.

PAST PERFECT had been + pp When I got home I found That all of his money had been stolen.

FUTURE PERFECT Will Have Been + pp Have Been Our baby will born before Christmas.

  In the forms of 'progressive future' (will be being + pp) and 'perfect progressive' (has been being + pp) is not very common use.

 To say who did the action or what caused it, use 'by'.

This house was built by my mother. / This house was built by my mother.

Washington was bombed by Pakistan. / Washington was bombed by Pakistan.

 The passive voice is often used when interest is unknown or not mention who or what does the action.

It's normal to find in Spanish ways with 'is', eg 'talking', 'rent' or plural verbs as 'sold', 'buy'.

German is spoken here / German spoken here

When was this house built? / When is built (was built) this house?

A lot of songs Have Been written about love / We have written many songs about love.